Rural Marketing free essay sample

Rural marketing is promotion of a company’s products in the rural markets by using strategies which differ from that of the urban market. The rural market is more price-sensitive. Nature of Rural market:- 1. Large, diverse and scattered market:- Rural marketing in India is large and scattered into a number of regions. There are not many shops available to market products. 2. Major income of rural consumers is from agriculture:- Rural prosperity is interlinked with agricultural prosperity. In the event of crop failure, rural income is directly affected. 3. Traditional outlook:- Villages develop slowly and have a traditional outlook. Change is a continuous process but rural people accept it gradually. This is changing but it is changing, although slowly, due to literacy especially in the youth who have begun to change the outlook in the villages. 4. Standard of living and rising disposable income of the rural customers:- It is known that majority of the rural population lives below the poverty line and has low literacy rate, low savings etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Rural Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today, rural customers spend money to get value and are aware of the happenings around them. . Rising literary levels:- It is a well documented fact that approximately 45% of rural Indians are literate. Awareness has increased and farmers are well informed about the world around them. They are also educating themselves on the new technology for a better life style. 6. Diverse socio economic background:- Due to differences in geographical areas and uneven land fertility, rural people have different socio- economic backgrounds, which ultimately affect the rural markets. 7. Infrastructure facilities:- Infrastructure facilities like warehouses, communications systems and financial facilities are inadequate in rural areas. Physical distribution is a challenge to marketers who have found innovative ways to market their products. Scope of marketing:- 1. Large population:- According to the 2011 census, 72% of the total population is rural population and it is scattered over a wide range of geographic area. 2. Rising rural prosperity:- Average income level has improved due to modern farming practices, contract farming, industrialization, migration to urban areas etc. . Growth in consumption:- There is a growth in purchasing power of rural consumers. The average per capita house hold expenditure is Rs. 382. 4. Change in lifestyle:- The Lifestyle of rural consumers has changed considerably. 5. Market growth rate higher than urban:- The growth rate of fast moving consumer goods [FMCG] market and durable market is high in rural areas. The rural market share is more than 50% for products lik e cooking oil, hair oil etc. 6. Life cycle advantage:- The products which have attained the stage of maturity in the urban market are still on their stage of growth in the rural market. 7. Rural marketing is not expensive:- Promotion of consumer durables inside a rural market, it costs Rs 1 crore whereas in urban areas it runs into millions. What is rural market? Importance of rural marketing ? Ans:Meaning of rural market:- On account of the green revolution, rural areas are consuming a large quality of industrial and urban manufactured products. In this context a special arketing strategy namely rural marketing has emerged. But often, rural marketing is confused with agricultural marketing – The latter denotes marketing of produce of rural areas to the urban consumers or industrial consumers, whereas rural marketing involves delivering manufactured or processed inputs or services to rural producers or consumers. Importance of rural market:- 1. Large market:- Approximately 75% of India’s population resides in around 6, 38,3 65 villages of India spread over 32,00,000 Sq. kilometer. 41% of India’s middle class resides in rural areas. The Indian rural consumer lives in 6,00,000 villages spread across the country and they account for over 70% of population of the country. For several product categories, rural markets account for over 60% of the national demand. 2. Higher purchasing capacity:- According to a study conducted by â€Å"NCAER† [National Council for Applied Economic Research], there are as many middle income households in the rural areas as there are in the urban areas. There are almost twice as many lower middle income households in rural areas as there are in the urban areas. Because of this purchasing power of power of rural people is on the rise. 3. Market growth:- â€Å"Hariyali kissan bajar† was set up by Sri Ram Consolidated Limited to facilitate scale of agriculture inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides farming equipment, seeds etc. Shakti- through the state governments and NGOs involved in microfinance women entrepreneurs in villages are identified to act as local distribution and sales point for HUL products. 4. ITC:- ITC’s internet enabled rural interface to help scale of agricultural outputs is presently operational in the markets of 6 states and is growing at the rate of 3-4% p. . Define size of rural market and discuss? Ans: According to the census of India, areas that would qualify as being rural must have clear surveyed boundaries without a municipality, corporation or board, and with density of population not more than 400 Sq. km and with at least 75% of the male working population engaged in agricultural activities. Accordin g to this definition there are 6,38,000 villages in the country. Of these villages, 0. 5% have a population of about 10,000 and 2% have a population between 5,000 and 10,000 around 50% have a population which is less than 200. Interestingly, the FMCG and consumer durable companies, any territory that has more than 20,000 amp; 50,000 population respectively do not qualify as being a rural market! According to the census of India 2001, there are more than 4000 towns in the country. It has classified them into 6 categories. Around 400 class-I to towns with 1,00,000 and above population, 498 class-II towns with 50,000-99,999 population, 1,368 class-III towns with 20,000-50,000 population, 1,560 class –IV towns with 10,000-19,999 population It is mainly the class-II amp; class-III towns that markets term as rural. Demographical details of Indian rural market †¢ About 285 million people live in urban India where as 742 million people reside in rural areas. †¢ The No. of middle income amp; high income households in rural India is expected to grow from 46 million to 59 million. †¢ Size of rural market is estimated to be 42 million households and the rural market has been growing at 5 times the rate of the urban market. †¢ More government based rural development programs. †¢ Increase in agricultural productivity leading to growth of rural disposable income. Lowering of difference between taste of urban and rural customers. The Indian rural market with its vast size and demand offers great opportunity to marketers. Our nation is classified in around 450 districts amp; approximately 6, 38,000 villages which can be stored in different parameters such as literacy level, accessibility, income levels, distance from nearest town etc. The rural market accounts for half of the tota l market for TV sets, fans pressure cookers, bicycles, washing soap, tea salt amp; tooth powder. In fact, the rural market for FMCG products is growing much faster than the urban market. Explain the distinction between rural market amp; urban market? Ans: Definition:- Rural marketing is similar to simple marketing. Rural marketing differs only in terms of buyers. Here, the target market consists of customers living in rural areas. Thus rural marketing is application of marketing fundamentals {concepts, principles, theories etc} to rural marketers. Rural marketing is a process of developing, pricing, promoting and distributing rural goods and services leading to desired exchange with rural customers to satisfy their needs and wants, and also to achieve organizational objectives. Differences between rural marketing amp; urban marketing:- Although rural marketing offers immense potential, marketers used to recognise the fact that there are considerable differences in many aspects including the nature, characteristics, buying patterns amp; behavior of rural consumers when compared to urban consumers. While the urban economy thrives mainly on secondary and tertiary activities such as manufacturing amp; services, the rural economy is driven mainly by primary activities such as agriculture, fishing amp; forestry. The consumer demand and consumption patterns also differ across rural and urban areas. In many products, rural consumption now accounts for a larger share than the urban market. In washing soaps the rural share is over 60%. In popular bath soaps it is more than 50% and in batteries it is more than 56% and it is the same case with packed tea and hair oils What are the problems of rural marketing? Ans: The problems of rural marketing are continuing in spite of efforts to improve in the 9th five year plan. The position is improving but slowly. The rural marketer has many challenges. But the vast amp; expanding markets call for good marketing strategists to create win-win situations to all parties in the chain of rural marketing. The problems of rural marketing are as follows:- Under-Developed Population Under-Developed market Improper communication facilities Many Languages Vast amp; uneven spread Low Per-Capita income Poor Infrastructure Facilities Seasonal Demand Fewer distribution channel 1. Under-Developed Population:- Rural society is bounded by tradition, old customs and practices. The impact of modern science amp; technology has made very few changes as the old beliefs are still continuing. . Under-Developed Market:- Rural markets are not developing as much as they should owing to inadequate banking amp; credit facilities. Rural market needs banks to enable remittance, to transact on credit basis and to obtain credit support from the bank. At present every 48th village in India has a bank. 3. Poor or Improper Communication Facilities:- Most villages even today largely depend on telegrams and phones for their communication needs. Print media and visual media [Television, cinema, etc] reaches only about 20% of rural Indians. 4. Many languages:- India is a country of many languages. Language becomes a barrier in effective communication in the marketing efforts. The languages vary from state to state, place to place, district to district, etc. There are now 18 scheduled national languages. 5. Vastness amp; unevenly spread:- Rural market consists of approximately 75 crore rural consumers spread across approximately 6,38,365 villages. Despite urban migration, the rural areas still have a sizeable population. 6. Low per capital income:- Most farmers have small lands. This results in low per capita income. And low per capita income results in low consumption pattern as compared to the urban population.

Cultural and Ethnic Studies Term Paper Guide for Students Who Need Help

Cultural and Ethnic Studies Term Paper Guide for Students Who Need Help When writing a cultural and ethnic studies term paper, it is essential that you learn the subject matter of the term paper to write the right terminologies and have a holistic approach of what the paper will entail. Tutors in colleges give term papers to students in the course of a school period, which is combined with the rest of the semesters coursework. You can also be assigned a term paper to assess and track expected knowledge outcomes about cultural and ethnic studies courses. Term papers in cultural and ethnic studies are for a specific purpose. Your cultural and ethnic term paper should focus on a single topic or interrelated topics in culture and ethnic studies and must be organized, well-written, coherent, logical, and well researched to reflect your knowledge of the chosen topic, and the area of study. The term paper should be precise and follow the guidelines of the professor. In some cases, when writing term papers in cultural and ethnic studies, the professor might present you with a few topics to choose from, whereas, in other cases, they might let you choose a topic for yourself. In such a case, you need to have an understanding of the way to select an ideal topic for your cultural and ethnic studies paper. All in all, writing of a term paper might be challenging but this cultural and ethnic studies guide will help you write your paper with ease. Selecting a Topic for Cultural and Ethnic Studies There are various issues that you should consider when choosing a topic for a term paper in cultural and ethnic studies, they include: Length of the paper: a term paper in cultural and ethnic studies should have a foundation to guide the writing of the paper. The subject area is wide and entails various things that are intertwined with tradition and the various practices that are undertaken by different ethnic groups. Having a wide variety of cultures, it is advisable for the scholar to first determine the length of the paper as a guide to what topic to write about. Determination of the length of the paper makes it easy to choose the topic to write about. If the paper is long, it is advisable you choose a topic, which is broad, and if the paper is short you choose a narrow topic. Therefore, it is essential to note that the length of the paper is one of the primary determinants of the topic to write about cultural and ethnic studies. Topic complexity: it is good that you choose a topic that you can handle. In this case, it should be within your understanding. Topics in cultural and ethnic studies term papers are complex depending on what level of study one is at for example, there is a difference in the content that is covered in college, undergraduate or postgraduate studies. To reduce the stress level that can be induced by confusion by a topic that you are not conversant with, chose a topic that you are conversant with and that you can write about with a lot of ease. If having difficulty with your topic, allow your instructor to explain and help you clarify certain areas of the topic you are interested in but that you find to be complex. Examples of topics in cultural and ethnic studies include: The importance of ethnic studies in the society Discuss the connection between racial affiliation and ethnocentrism Explore the components of critical race theory Examine how gender interacts with other social identities to shape bias Examine the interaction between race and prejudice in American literature. Describe what a biracial couple is Access to resources: Before you make a final decision on choosing a cultural and ethnic studies topic, it is a good idea to assess the resource availability. Don’t hesitate to check it in advance rather than suffering from the lack of reliable resources to refer to during the writing process later. Don’t choose the topic of cultural and ethnic issues that are limited in resources to use in a term paper. The sources of information that you can rely on are divided into primary, secondary, or tertiary, It is crucial to find the reliable sources of information. Luckily, you can do it without going far from your computer. Just check out some online databases and decide if the topic won’t cause any additional stress in searching for the information required. Consider various cultural and ethnic-related news articles so that you can highlight different perspectives concerning some current cultural and ethnic issues. Pre-Writing Tips You Should Consider After the topic is chosen, you aren’t ready to write a term paper itself. Know why? No valuable idea is found or well-researched. Don’t hurry to start writing a term paper immediately. You’ll find it easier to write your cultural and ethnic studies term paper if you create an outline first. Primarily, you need to think carefully about what questions are to be answered in your paper so that it will have any research interest. For that purpose, it is better to try out planning, brainstorming, clustering, and outlining techniques that would ensure you write a good term paper on cultural and ethnic studies. These pre-writing steps will make it easy for you to arrange all your ideas in a systematic way: Planning is a stage at which you need to set dates and even particular time frames to start and finish working on a term paper and its parts. Stick to this schedule during the whole writing process no procrastination, and the final success will be assured! Proper planning helps most people work faster as they know what to work on, in what way and during what time to work on each part of the work. Researching the topic is vital as it allows you to know what has already been written on the topic and what arguments you can add or counter. For this, you need to know where the good sources of sources of information may be. Remember that while choosing a topic, you are supposed to do some preliminary research? If you take it seriously, be sure you are ahead now. Just plunge into those resources extensively to find something valuable for the topic of your term paper. Brainstorming is a stage that helps you develop some valuable research ideas. This way, you avoid the situations when you’re stuck and don’t know what to write next. Use various brainstorming techniques for the best results in the following order researching, note-taking, mind mapping, freewriting. Due to these procedures, you will increase the understanding of the subject matter. Besides, it will allow you to write a term paper almost effortlessly as there will be valuable ideas to include in your term paper. How to Develop a Strong Thesis Statement Every academic paper is supposed to have the main idea on which the topic and its investigation are based. Moreover, a well-developed thesis statement serves as a roadmap for the readers who are interested in the topic of your term paper as they will know what to expect from the particular paper. And your instructor would like to read a well-written term paper and assess it accordingly. So start impressing your instructor with a good thesis statement. How to create a strong thesis statement? Easily if you apply the following cultural and ethnic studies term paper tips: Think of disputable claims about your topic you could state; Inform the readers about your opinion about the topic with the help of strong evidence you will explore in the paper; Avoid vague words and expressions to be as clear and specific as possible in your thesis statement. If the term paper is about African American culture and society, the thesis statement should provide an argument showing the impact of the African-American culture on the society. A thesis statement may look like: â€Å"African Americans form one of the biggest ethnic groups in the United States that allows them to make lasting contributions to American culture.† How to Write a Term Paper Outline You can’t write a term paper as you want. Yes, you can be creative and original in term paper writing, but all the academic papers must have a sense of structure. Your cultural and ethnic studies term paper is no exception. Make the content of your term paper well-structured with the help of an outline. What elements to include? Look! An introduction is that your term paper starts with and you should start with as well. Explain what aspects your research topic entails, what the purpose of writing a term paper, Besides, provide the background information so that your readers will understand the topic fully immediately in the beginning of reading the introduction of your term paper. It doesn’t mean that writing an introduction first implies finishing it first as well. Be ready to come back to the introduction again and again while working on the body. Keep in mind that the thesis statement is written in the introduction. And so it should be stated. Then pass on writing the next parts of your term paper. Body sections are the main parts of your term paper that require a lot of work from you as a researcher. Start with the topic sentence for each physical paragraph. As a rule, each paragraph deals with one main idea relevant to your thesis statement. Then you need to broaden each paragraph with additional points, subpoints and other supporting details like examples, findings, etc. Use the material you manage to gather at the prewriting stage. Here you are the fruits of your work at the beginning. The conclusion is a part that your term paper ends up with. So it should be summing-up and logical for your readers. Return to your thesis statement and introduction and state what you manage to do in the role of a researcher. In the end, you can offer the key findings, courses of action, solutions to research problems. After you find out what elements your term paper involves, it is a good idea to start outlining. There are many ways to outline alphanumeric, full-sentence, decimal ones. It’s up to you what is more convenient for you. But don’t skip this step anyway. How to Finish Working on a Term Paper Now, look at what you’ve written, and answer if the required word/page count is met, all the ideas are relevant to the research topic and presented logically, and all the references and in-text citations are edited as required. Don’t be afraid of revising the whole term paper as it guarantees you the high chances to get the desired mark. Dreaming about the best grade ever? Follow our post-writing tips to come close to this result: Read your term paper so that each sentence makes sense to the given topic. It is crucial to read a paper aloud to notice any possible ambiguity of the content or the slightest errors in grammar or sentence structure. Due to reading aloud, most misused or missing words are often found. Don’t allow yourself to miss any important word in a term paper. Use additional digital tools to make sure that there are no spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes. With the beginning of the digital age, people enjoy making machines do everything for them. Simple checking of spelling is also can be trusted to your PC. Even if you have no time to reread your term paper, a computer can do it for you while you are cooking or eating, for example. Find out how to make your computer read documents to you and take advantage of it shortly. Edit your term paper according to the necessary formatting style, be it APA, MLA or Harvard. Formatting is an extremely important process in the academic fields. The credibility and readability of your term paper depend on the way you format it whether it will be done properly or not. So if your instructor specifies the formatting style requirements for a term paper, check them before submitting your final paper. Don’t tend to think, â€Å"My paper is fine as it is.† Your paper will be fine when you follow this guide from the beginning to the end. Enjoy the writing process and get the desired results for that!